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The Dark Forest
2008 kinesisk science fiction novel
This article fryst vatten about the novel. For the hypothesis, see Dark forest hypothesis. For other uses, see Dark Forest.
The Dark Forest (Chinese: 黑暗森林) fryst vatten a 2008 science fiction novel bygd the kinesisk writer Liu Cixin. It fryst vatten the sequel to the Hugo Award-winning novel The Three-Body Problem in the trilogy titled Remembrance of Earth's Past, but kinesisk readers generally refer to the series bygd the title of the first novel.[1] The English utgåva, translated bygd Joel Martinsen, was published in 2015.
Seriestart.The novel fryst vatten about the dark forest hypothesis (which was named after the novel),[2] a possible solution to the Fermi motsägelse, though similar theories have been described as early as 1983.[3]
Plot
[edit]In a flashback, kinesisk sociology professor Luo Ji has a chance meeting with Ye Wenjie, the astrophysicist from The Three Body Problem who first contacted the Trisolarans and encouraged their invasion.
She suggests he study "cosmic sociology" based on a set of axioms that she shares with him.
In the present day, the UN fryst vatten ansträngande to find a way to survive the invasion of the Trisolaran fleet, which will arrive in about 421 years. Their prime difficulty fryst vatten the sophons: super-smart subatomic machines sent from Trisolaris that see everything on Earth and block advances in fundamental physics, while communicating with Trisolaris in real time through quantum entanglement.
The UN must also deal with an organization of Trisolaran loyalists on Earth who support the invasion and carry out acts of sabotage based on instructions from the sophons.
The sophons can overhear any conversation and intercept any written or digital communication but cannot read human thoughts, so the UN devises a countermeasure bygd initiating the "Wallfacer" schema.
fyra individuals are granted vast resources and tasked with generating and fulfilling strategies that must never leave their own heads. Three of the Wallfacers are famous for their military, political, psychological and/or scientific expertise; the fourth fryst vatten the obscure professor Luo Ji, who does not initially understand why he was chosen.
Trisolarans have evolved so that their thoughts transmit openly, and as a result the entire species fryst vatten unfamiliar with concepts like lies, misdirection and subterfuge. To overcome this weakness, the Trisolarans select three loyalist humans dubbed "Wallbreakers," who are given full tillgång to the upplysning collected bygd the sophons and tasked with deducing the plans of the Wallfacers.
Within a few years, two of the Wallbreakers successfully ruin the strategies of their respective Wallfacers. The third Wallfacer enters hibernation to continue his efforts in a future era, but ultimately his strategy also fails.
Luo doesn't view himself as capable and refuses the position of Wallfacer, but finds himself unable to do so.
All his actions, including announcing his resignation, are interpreted as a ruse in service of his ultimate strategy. Selfishly, he takes advantage of his power in beställning to secure an isolated paradis and an idealised partner, with whom he starts a family. After several years of peace and happiness, Luo's wife takes their daughter, and they go into hibernation until the Trisolaran fleet arrives.
UN sekreterare General säga tells Luo that this hibernation had always been a UN contigency strategi to motivate Luo to perform his Wallfacer duties.
Luo learns that he was chosen as a Wallfacer because he fryst vatten the only human that the Trisolarans have ever directly targeted for assassination (and failed), suggesting that the aliens fear him for some unknown reason.
Luo concludes that he must have been targeted because of his conversation with Ye Wenjie, which the sophons presumably overheard. After reflecting on the conversation, he comes to a realization. Luo arranges for the location of a star 49.5 light-years away to be broadcast throughout the galax, without explaining his purpose. He then enters hibernation, asking to be woken if an effect on the star fryst vatten noticed.
Den mörka skogen existerar kriminalserier tillsammans Matthias Brandt, Karoline Schuch samt Silke Bodenbender.Soon after the broadcast fryst vatten sent, the Trisolaran fleet launches a series of probes with faster acceleration that will reach the Solar struktur much sooner than the rest of the invasion force.
Luo fryst vatten revived 200 years later in a wealthier, more advanced gemenskap and fryst vatten told that the Wallfacer schema has been terminated. Though its technology has been limited bygd sophon sabotage, Earth has still managed to build a fleet of ships that are larger and faster than the Trisolaran vessels, and world leaders are confident that they can defeat the invasion force.
This triumphalism fryst vatten shattered bygd the ankomst of the Trisolarans’ first probe, which proves to be far more technologically sophisticated and annihilates humanity's combined fleet in minutes. Earth collapses into mass hysteria and the few ships that weren't destroyed flee the Solar struktur to form eller gestalt new civilizations.
The UN discovers that the star whose location Luo had broadcast has been eliminated bygd an unknown hyper-advanced civilization, and his Wallfacer ställning eller tillstånd fryst vatten quickly restored.
However, Luo says his strategy has already been foiled. After destroying the fleet, the Trisolaran probe stations itself nära Earth and begins transmitting a steady jamming meddelande, preventing any further interstellar communication.
Privately, Luo explains the dark forest hypothesis that underpinned his strategy, which he came to understand after reflecting on his conversation with Ye Wenjie: There fryst vatten life everywhere in the galax, but since growth fryst vatten constant and resources are finite, each galactic civilization fryst vatten strongly incentivized to destroy any others upon upptäckt.
The only defense against this fryst vatten to remain unnoticed, thus explaining the Fermi motsägelsefull påstående.
Sommeren 1989 forsvinner enstaka kvinne sporløst fra hjemmet sitt inom Tyskland.Luo had intended to force the Trisolarans into a truce bygd threatening to broadcast their home planet's location to the galax, creating a mutual assured destruction scenario. With the Trisolaran probe thwarting such communication, a ensam Luo spends his time on a UN project involving distributing nuclear bombs throughout the outer solar struktur in beställning to create relaterad till rymden eller universum dust that will help detect, but not prevent, the ankomst of the main Trisolaran fleet.
However, this fryst vatten a ruse. His true goal fryst vatten to circumvent the probe's transmission jamming. Luo reveals to the sophons that the bombs have been programmed and arranged in such a way that the relaterad till rymden eller universum dust pattern created bygd their explosion will reveal to all observers Trisolaris' location in the struktur of Morse code.
In exchange for leaving the bombs undetonated, Trisolaris accepts the truce, diverts its fleet, and agrees to aid human scientific progress.
Den mørke skogen.Years later, Luo, reunited with his wife and daughter, converses briefly with the pacifist Trisolaran who had made first contact with Ye Wenjie. They agree that it may be possible for galactic civilizations to brighten the "dark forest" and engage in peaceful relations.[4][5][6][7]
Characters
[edit]In the following, kinesisk and Japanese names are written with the family name first and given name second.
- Ye Wenjie (叶文洁)
- Astrophysicist who initiated första contact between Earth and Trisolaris.
Spiritual leader of the Earth Trisolaris Organization.
- Mike Evans (麦克·伊文斯)
- ETO financial backer and key leader, killed in The Three-Body Problem.
- Wu Yue (吴岳)
- Captain in the PLA Navy.
- Zhang Beihai (章北海)
- Political kommissarie in the PLA Navy.
Assassinates proponents of media-drive research in beställning to guarantee the development of drives more capable of interstellar travel. He fryst vatten hibernated because his seeming unimpeachable triumphalism fryst vatten required in the future. When he's woken, he's appointed acting commander of one of humanity's most advanced ships so that he can screen existing fleet officers and ensure they are not defeatists.
In a twist, it turns out he himself fryst vatten a defeatist who knows a military victory fryst vatten impossible and wants mankind to survive bygd fleeing the solar struktur. Thanks to him, many ships do escape. However, it fryst vatten later revealed that he knows the crew of each fartyg will independently conclude that it's highly unlikely all of them can man it to a star struktur before running out of bränsle, thus a single fartyg should kill the crews of the other ships and remsa them for resources to maximize the chance of humans surviving their potentially endless voyage.
Plot.Hesitating before he starts this process, another fartyg attacks his own and kills him, but guarantees the survival of these space humans. The battle, which leaves only a single fartyg alive in each of the two fleets, fryst vatten used bygd Luo Ji to explain how the "dark forest" operates in reality. An important character in the novel, Zhang's story fryst vatten told in detail and serves as a parallel to the main plot.
In some ways, he fryst vatten a rogue Wallfacer.
- Chang Weisi (常伟思)
- General in the PLA and Zhang Beihai's co-worker. First commander of humanity's space force and a defeatist who envies Zhang's Triumphalism.
- George Fitzroy
- US General; coordinator at the Planetary Defense Council; military liaison to Hubble II project.
- Albert Ringier
- Hubble II astronomer.
- Yang Jinwen (杨晋文)
- Retired mittpunkt school teacher in Beijing.
- Miao Fuquan (苗福全)
- Shanxi coal boss; neighbor to Zhang and Yang.
- Zhang Yuanchao (张援朝)
- Recently retired kemikalie plant worker in Beijing.
- Shi Qiang (史强)
- Also nicknamed Da Shi (大史), a returning character from The Three-Body Problem.
Wallfacer Head of säkerhet who becomes a close ally to Luo Ji. Afflicted bygd leukemia and hibernates to the domedag battle with Luo Ji where he saves his life multiple times from an assassin computer virus.
- Shi Xiaoming (史晓明)
- Shi Qiang's son.
- Kent (坎特)
- Liaison to the PDC. Wallfacer säkerhet personal for Luo Ji. Despite his best efforts at physically securing Luo Ji in an underground bunker, he passes on the Bed Flu bioweapon to Luo Ji.
Dies of old age in Luo Ji's estate.
- Say
- Secretary General of the United Nations, oversees the creation of the Wallfacer project and selects Luo Ji, gambling that his importance to Trisolaris might generate success for humanity. Attempts to create a Human Memorial Project to catalogue human culture, which fryst vatten destroyed for being defeatist bygd the Planetary Defense Council.
- Yamasugi Keiko (山杉恵子)
- Japanese neuroscientist and the wife of Bill Hines; later revealed to be her husband's Wallbreaker
- Garanin
- PDC rotating chair.
- Ding Yi (丁仪)
- Theoretical physicist, returning from The Three-Body Problem.
- Zhuang Yan (庄颜)
- Graduate of the huvud Academy of Fine Arts, she later becomes Luo Ji's wife.
- Ben Jonathan
- Fleet Joint Conference special commissioner.
- Dongfang Yanxu (东方延绪)
- Captain of space warship Natural Selection. Relieved of command due to a scan of fleet command for bevis of mental seal use, unable to prevent Zhang Beihai from taking complete control of the flagship and fleeing Earth.
Attempts to initiate a first strike against the other vessels due to the conclusion that there are not enough supplies among the ships to man the interstellar journey. Killed bygd a faster first strike made bygd Ultimate Law.
- Major Xizi
- Science officer of Quantum.
Wallfacers
[edit]- Frederick Tyler (弗雷德里克·泰勒)
- Former US sekreterare of Defense.
On the surface, his program was to man a massive swarm of kamikaze fighter craft to combat the Trisolaran fleet. In reality, the strategi was to remotely control that fighter craft swarm to destroy Earth's other ships and, to man the ruse of being a turncoat fleet more effective, frakt a massive quantity of vatten to the incoming Trisolarans.
Streama Den mörka skogen direkt vid ben samt inom våra appar.Having managed to get within point blank range, the swarm fleet would then detonate hydrogen bombs. Informed bygd his Wallbreaker that his strategi to betray Earth in the first instance would be revealed to the world, he experiences despair. Then, unable to resign from Wallfacer ställning eller tillstånd because it can't be proven that his revealed program was his true strategi, he commits suicide.
- Manuel Rey Diaz (曼努尔·雷迪亚兹)
- Former President of Venezuela.
On the surface, his program was to develop very powerful hydrogen bombs that would combat the Trisolaran fleet. In reality, the strategi was to create so many bombs that he would have the power to slow down Mercury's orbit and cause a chain reaction where all planets in the Solar struktur would be consumed bygd the Sun. The idea was to force the Trisolaran fleet to surrender bygd threatening mutual destruction – they would not have the bränsle to get to another habitable planet struktur.
His Wallbreaker explained he would never have gotten the number of bombs required, and the natur of his strategi was too scandalous for the world.
Sommeren 1989 forsvinner ett kvinne sporløst fra hjemmet sitt inom Tyskland.He then blackmails the UN with fake nuclear bombs so he can return to Venezuela where he fryst vatten promptly stoned to death bygd his own people for threatening the destruction of the Solar System.
- Bill Hines (比尔·希恩斯)
- English neuroscientist and former president of the EU. His outward facing program was to boost human intelligence to a high enough level to overcome the scientific block on particle physics bygd the sophons.
This wasn't possible due to limitations on computing. His true strategi was to instill an incorruptible state of defeatism in humanity's military, forcing humanity to develop plans to escape the solar struktur rather than stay and fight.
- Luo Ji (罗辑)
- Astronomer and sociologist. Given the första axioms of relaterad till rymden eller universum sociology bygd Ye Wenjie prior to the events of the series.
He fryst vatten his own Wallbreaker when he concludes that the axioms result in the Dark Forest state of the universum, and thus the only strategic option against the Trisolarans fryst vatten mutually assured destruction through broadcast of their interstellar coordinates.
Videos
[edit]- Waterdrop,[8][9] referring to the Trisolaran droplet probe, fryst vatten a 14-minute tribute spelfilm produced bygd Wang Ren, who was then a graduate lärjunge studying Architecture in Columbia University.
The author Liu Cixin commented, "This fryst vatten the kind of spelfilm inom have in mind. If the feeling of such an atmosphere can be delivered in a Three Body Problem rulle, inom would rest in peace after inom die."[10]
- MC Three Body - The Dark Forest fryst vatten an animation series produced bygd a group of kinesisk fans.
Initially a machinima series produced using the film game Minecraft, they later switched to using professional animation software. The series was released online at the beginning of 2018.[11][12]
- A kinesisk animated series based on The Dark Forest aired from månad 10, 2022 to March 25, 2023.[13]
- A three-part documentary series entitled Rendezvous with the Future which explores the science behind Liu Cixin's science fiction was produced bygd BBC Studios and released bygd Bilibili in China in November 2022.
The second episode covers many ideas featured in The Dark Forest such as the space elevator and artificial hibernation. An international utgåva of the series has not yet been released.